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<aside> <img src="/icons/exclamation-mark_gray.svg" alt="/icons/exclamation-mark_gray.svg" width="40px" /> Scenario: You are in public and see a person on the floor who seems unresponsive.

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NOTE: Although the steps are written separately, this is a literal emergency situation. It should be fast and fluid. Do not waste time. Imagine the person is LITERALLY dying so you’re ready for a real situation.

Assess Surroundings

• [ ] Assess the surroundings for safety. In a road traffic accident, for example, you would check if it is safe for you to approach (oncoming traffic, broken glass etc.).

Approach Victim

• [ ] Hold the victim’s shoulders, giving a gentle shake and shout ‘Are you okay?’ whilst kneeling next to them.
  • [ ] You can give a slight pinch to their shoulders while doing so to jolt them awake
• [ ] If there is no response → CALL FOR HELP → “Can someone help me please? I need you to call an ambulance and ask for the nearest AED (Automated External Defibrillator) machine”
• [ ] If you are alone, call 999 and place them on loud speaker whilst continuing the steps below

Airway Assessment

• [ ] Open the victim’s airways

  • [ ] Place 2 fingers under the chin
  • [ ] Place a hand on the forehead
  • [ ] Tilt the chin upwards and tilt the head back to open their airways
  • Head tilt & Chin lift technique

• [ ] Bring your ear close to the mouth of the victim

  • [ ] Look: Look for chest expansion
  • [ ] Listen: Listen for sounds (stridor, wheeze, crackles)
  • [ ] Feel: Feel breath on your cheek
  • Listen to breathing whilst assessing chest movement (Max 10 seconds)

  Normal breathing = 2 normal breaths in 10 seconds

If they are not breathing, we must perform CPR (CardioPulmonary Resuscitation)

CPR Technique

• [ ] Make sure the person is laying on their back on a flat surface
• [ ] Place one hand over the other and interlace your fingers
• Hands interlaced
• [ ] Place hands on the lower half of the sternum